Jump to content

List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita

Page semi-protected
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Not to be confused with List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita.

Countries or territories by GDP (PPP) per capita in 2025
  >$70,000
  $60,000–70,000
  $50,000–60,000
  $40,000–50,000
  $30,000–40,000
  $20,000–30,000
  $10,000–20,000
  $5,000–10,000
  $2,500–5,000
  $1,000–2,500
  <$1,000
  No data

A country's gross domestic product (GDP) at purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita is the PPP value of all final goods and services produced within an economy in a given year, divided by the average (or mid-year) population for the same year. This is similar to nominal GDP per capita but adjusted for the cost of living in each country.

In 2023, the estimated average GDP per capita (PPP) of all of the countries was Int$22,452.[a] For rankings regarding wealth, see list of countries by wealth per adult.

Method

The gross domestic product (GDP) per capita figures on this page are derived from PPP calculations. Such calculations are prepared by various organizations, including the IMF and the World Bank. As estimates and assumptions have to be made, the results produced by different organizations for the same country are not hard facts and tend to differ, sometimes substantially, so they should be used with caution.

Comparisons of national wealth are frequently made based on nominal GDP and savings (not just income), which do not reflect differences in the cost of living in different countries (see List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita); hence, using a PPP basis is arguably more useful when comparing generalized differences in living standards between economies because PPP takes into account the relative cost of living and the inflation rates of the countries, rather than using only exchange rates, which may distort the real differences in income.

This is why GDP (PPP) per capita is considered one of the indicators of a country's standard of living,[2][3] The relation between GDP per capita and standard of living has been criticized. Alternative measures of standard of living include list of countries by average wage, median income and disposable household and per capita income. GDP (PPP) and GDP (PPP) per capita are usually measured by international dollar, which is a hypothetical currency that has the same purchasing power in every economy as the U.S. dollar in the United States. The share of the shadow economy is significant in many European countries, ranging from less than 10 to over 40% of GDP.[4] Since 2014, EU member states have been encouraged by Eurostat, the official statistics body, to include some illegal activities.[5][6][7]

Table

Main table

All figures are in current international dollars, and rounded to the nearest whole number. The table initially ranks each country or territory with their latest available year's estimates, and can be re-ranked by any of the sources.

* Nearly all country links in the table connect to articles titled "Income in (country or territory)" or to "Economy of (country or territory)".

GDP per capita (current international dollar) by country or  territory, non-sovereign state or non-IMF member 
Country / territory IMF[8][9][10]
(2026) 		World Bank[b][11]
(2023 or
2024) 		CIA[c][12][13][14]
(2023 or
2024)
 Monaco * N/a N/a 270,100
 Liechtenstein * 206,120 N/a 210,600
 Singapore * 161,546 150,689 132,600
 Luxembourg * 155,275 150,772 128,200
 Ireland * 150,865 131,175 115,300
 Macau * 136,809 128,268 112,800
 Qatar * 131,402 126,110 110,900
 Bermuda * N/a 119,719 105,300
 Guyana * 117,535 79,906 70,300
 Norway * 109,528 101,032 91,100
 Switzerland * 99,973 93,819 82,000
 Brunei * 97,445 90,007 79,200
 United States * 92,883 85,810 75,500
 United Arab Emirates * 89,558 77,959 68,600
 Taiwan * 88,565 N/a 32,300
 Denmark * 87,540 79,514 73,700
 Cayman Islands * N/a 86,689 78,100
 Netherlands * 86,134 84,219 70,900
 San Marino * 85,218 75,942 70,900
 Iceland * 81,998 78,259 65,600
 Malta * 81,746 67,364 60,500
 Hong Kong * 81,643 75,216 66,200
 Faroe Islands * N/a 78,165 70,400
 Belgium * 77,705 72,126 63,100
 Saudi Arabia * 77,485 71,243 62,700
 Austria * 76,588 71,193 63,300
 Germany * 75,480 72,300 62,800
 Sweden * 75,230 71,031 63,300
 Australia * 73,361 71,193 60,100
 Andorra * 73,124 71,588 65,900
 Bahrain * 71,464 67,211 59,100
 Finland * 68,547 64,091 55,600
 Cyprus *[n 1] 68,029 61,240 53,300
 Canada * 67,714 65,463 56,700
 France * 67,671 61,322 54,500
 South Korea * 67,554 58,895 50,400
 European Union *[n 2] 66,867 62,266 54,300
 United Kingdom * 65,215 60,620 52,500
 Italy * 64,809 60,847 53,100
 Czech Republic * 62,344 56,806 48,000
 Slovenia * 59,998 56,531 48,500
 Lithuania * 59,932 54,414 47,200
 Poland * 58,559 50,378 45,100
 Spain * 58,348 56,926 48,400
 Israel * 57,915 55,691 47,300
 New Zealand * 57,481 55,094 48,200
 Japan * 56,444 51,685 46,100
 Kuwait * 54,833 51,636 45,400
 Croatia * 53,839 48,575 42,600
 Puerto Rico * 52,388 50,156 44,100
 Portugal * 51,853 50,617 41,900
 Sint Maarten (Dutch part) * N/a 51,527 45,800
 Aruba * 51,464 44,967 40,500
 Estonia * 50,758 49,334 41,500
 Romania * 50,727 48,712 40,600
 Russia * 50,571 47,405 41,700
 Hungary * 50,176 47,636 40,700
 U.S. Virgin Islands * N/a 49,793 46,500
 Slovakia * 49,376 47,181 40,300
 Kazakhstan * 47,263 40,813 35,900
 Greece * 46,800 44,074 37,800
 Turkey * 45,994 43,932 35,300
 Latvia * 45,962 43,867 38,900
 Malaysia * 45,712 38,729 34,100
 Panama * 45,659 41,405 36,400
 Bulgaria * 44,950 41,086 34,100
 Seychelles * 43,849 33,239 29,200
 Oman * 43,302 41,664 36,700
 Bahamas * 43,223 41,198 36,200
 Uruguay * 38,814 36,418 32,000
 Maldives * 37,733 24,809 23,400
 Trinidad and Tobago * 36,814 36,021 31,700
 Chile * 36,430 34,637 30,200
 Montenegro * 36,129 33,380 27,900
 Saint Kitts and Nevis * 35,401 35,545 31,300
 Belarus * 35,338 33,006 29,000
 Mauritius * 34,830 31,051 27,300
 Serbia * 34,790 31,867 26,900
 Georgia *[n 3] 33,340 28,418 25,000
 Costa Rica * 32,831 30,063 27,000
 Argentina * 32,818 30,176 26,500
 Antigua and Barbuda * 32,315 33,602 29,600
 Dominican Republic * 32,232 27,541 24,200
 North Macedonia * 31,169 26,587 24,500
 China *[n 4][n 5] 31,023 27,105 23,800
 Curaçao * N/a 30,716 27,700
 Saint Lucia * 30,232 27,567 24,300
 Thailand * 27,245 24,708 21,700
 Azerbaijan * 26,890 25,089 22,100
 Mexico * 26,433 25,688 22,000
 Armenia * 25,662 22,823 20,100
 World [i] 25,591 24,248 21,300
 Gabon * 25,289 21,510 18,900
 Turkmenistan * 23,542 20,408 18,000
 Albania * 24,843 23,488 18,900
 Turks and Caicos Islands * N/a 24,820 33,400
 Brazil * 24,108 22,333 19,600
 Barbados * 24,035 22,672 19,900
 Bosnia and Herzegovina * 23,930 21,971 20,400
 Suriname * 23,199 22,067 19,400
 Colombia * 23,158 21,495 18,500
 Egypt * 22,691 19,094 16,800
 Grenada * 22,427 20,167 17,700
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines * 22,176 21,272 18,700
 Ukraine *[n 6] 21,890 18,551 16,300
 Iran * 21,882 18,442 16,200
 Kosovo * 21,666 18,620 16,400
 Mongolia * 21,649 19,098 16,800
 Moldova *[n 7] 20,731 18,717 16,500
 Paraguay * 20,569 18,524 16,300
 Equatorial Guinea * 20,377 17,567 15,500
 Dominica * 20,276 21,301 18,700
 Palau * 19,991 17,532 15,800
 Peru * 19,646 17,803 15,700
 Botswana * 19,536 20,538 18,100
 Bhutan * 19,255 16,254 14,600
 Algeria * 19,139 17,553 15,400
 Vietnam * 18,870 16,386 14,400
 Libya * 18,837 13,954 12,300
 Indonesia * 18,657 16,448 14,500
 Ecuador * 17,315 15,840 13,900
 Fiji * 17,074 16,032 14,100
 South Africa * 16,283 15,458 13,600
 Iraq * 15,848 14,464 12,700
 Guatemala * 15,721 14,369 12,600
 Sri Lanka * N/a 15,632 13,800
 Tunisia * 15,456 14,451 12,700
 Belize * 15,318 15,093 13,300
 El Salvador * 14,407 13,264 11,700
 Jamaica * 14,378 11,662 10,300
 Eswatini * 14,026 11,784 10,400
 Philippines * 13,760 11,794 10,400
 Uzbekistan * 13,276 11,879 10,500
 India * 12,964 11,159 9,800
 Namibia * 12,805 11,687 10,300
 Nauru * 12,596 14,326 12,600
 Lebanon * N/a 12,575 11,300
 Cape Verde *[n 8] 12,335 11,262 9,900
 Morocco *[n 9] 12,024 10,305 9,100
 Jordan * 11,981 10,822 9,500
 Bolivia * 11,439 11,190 9,800
 Bangladesh * 10,847 9,646 8,500
 Laos * 10,520 9,788 8,600
 Angola * 10,257 8,348 7,300
 Djibouti * 10,030 7,776 6,800
 Nigeria * 9,861 6,440 5,700
 Nicaragua * 9,402 8,709 7,700
 Kyrgyzstan * 9,318 8,009 7,000
 Cambodia * 9,126 7,970 7,000
 Mauritania * 9,112 7,271 6,400
 Ghana * 8,813 8,027 7,100
 Samoa * 8,626 7,837 6,900
 Venezuela * 8,606 N/a 4,900
 Ivory Coast * 8,543 7,654 6,700
 Tonga * 8,445 7,852 7,100
 Marshall Islands * 8,415 8,198 7,200
 Honduras * 8,238 7,486 6,600
 Zimbabwe * 8,174 3,921 3,500
 Kenya * 7,929 6,619 5,800
 Pakistan * 7,190 6,287 5,500
 São Tomé and Príncipe * 6,752 6,230 5,500
 Congo * 6,635 7,026 6,200
 Nepal * 6,578 5,736 5,000
 Tajikistan * 6,434 5,406 4,800
 Tuvalu * 6,412 6,151 5,800
 Cameroon * 5,960 5,592 4,900
 Palestine[n 10][n 11] 5,612 4,371 3,800
 Senegal * 5,464 5,110 4,500
 Guinea * 5,213 4,579 4,000
 Myanmar *[n 12] 5,168 5,980 5,300
 Timor-Leste * 5,112 4,758 4,200
 Benin * 4,982 4,435 3,900
 Federated States of Micronesia * 4,913 4,346 3,800
 Zambia * 4,750 4,224 3,700
 Ethiopia * 4,743 3,278 2,900
 Syria * N/a 4,650 4,200
 Tanzania * 4,595 4,220 3,700
 Rwanda * 4,391 3,711 3,300
 Comoros * 4,160 4,055 3,600
 Uganda * 4,131 3,276 2,900
 Papua New Guinea * 3,882 4,889 4,300
 Sierra Leone * 3,870 1,847 3,100
 Kiribati * 3,833 3,702 3,300
 Gambia * 3,822 3,445 3,000
 Togo * 3,536 3,239 2,800
 Guinea-Bissau * 3,435 3,053 2,700
 Chad * 3,236 2,961 2,600
 Burkina Faso * 3,147 2,896 2,500
 Lesotho * 3,142 2,998 2,600
 Vanuatu * 3,032 3,602 3,200
 Mali * 3,009 3,308 2,900
 Haiti * 2,954 2,999 2,800
 Solomon Islands * 2,786 2,872 2,500
 Sudan * 2,627 2,127 1,900
 Afghanistan * N/a 2,201 2,000
 Niger * 2,195 2,015 1,800
 Madagascar * 2,108 1,884 1,700
 Liberia * 2,061 1,884 1,700
 DR Congo * 2,050 1,710 1,500
 Somalia * 1,941 1,600 1,400
 Malawi * 1,787 1,859 1,600
 Mozambique * 1,776 1,670 1,500
 Yemen * 1,657 N/a 200
 Central African Republic * 1,393 1,263 1,100
 South Sudan * 1,154 N/a 400
 Burundi * 1,017 950 800

Other territories

GDP per capita (current international dollar) by  territory, non-sovereign state or non-IMF member 
Territory CIA[12]
Estimate Year
 Monaco * 270,100 2024
 Liechtenstein * 210,600 2024
 Isle of Man * 84,600 2014
 Greenland * 71,000 2023
 Falkland Islands * 70,800 2015
 Gibraltar * 61,700 2014
 Jersey * 56,600 2016
 Guernsey * 52,500 2014
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon * 46,200 2006
 British Virgin Islands * 40,500 2024
 Guam * 35,600 2016
 New Caledonia * 34,600 2024
 Anguilla * 31,000 2024
 Cook Islands * 29,800 2024
 Northern Mariana Islands * 24,500 2016
 Cuba * 23,700 2024
 French Polynesia * 23,300 2024
 Saint Martin (French part) * 19,300 2005
 Montserrat * 19,300 2024
 American Samoa * 11,200 2016
 Niue * 11,100 2021
 Saint Helena, Ascension and
Tristan da Cunha		 7,800 2010
 Tokelau * 6,004 2017
 Wallis and Futuna * 3,800 2004
 Eritrea * 700 2024
 North Korea * 600 2023

Footnotes

  1. ^ There is no explicit "GDP (PPP) per capita" World estimate provided by the IMF. For this figure, the GDP (PPP) world value[10] has been divided by the global population according to the IMF.[15]
  1. ^ Data is for the area controlled by the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.
  2. ^ The EU is included because it is much more than a free-trade association like ASEAN, NAFTA, or Mercosur. -- See: "The World Factbook". CIA. 2014. Archived from the original on 11 June 2020. Retrieved 17 November 2022. Although the EU is not a federation in the strict sense, it is far more than a free-trade association such as ASEAN, NAFTA, or Mercosur, and it has certain attributes associated with independent nations: its flag, currency (for some members), and law-making abilities, as well as diplomatic representation and a common foreign and security policy in its dealings with external partners. Thus, the inclusion of basic intelligence on the EU has been deemed appropriate as a new, separate entity in The World Factbook. -- However, because the EU is an organization and not a sovereign state, it does not receive a ranking in this list.
  3. ^ Excludes data for Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
  4. ^ IMF and CIA figures exclude Taiwan and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.
  5. ^ World Bank figures exclude the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.
  6. ^ Figures exclude the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol.
  7. ^ Excludes data for Transnistria.
  8. ^ Referred to as "Cabo Verde".
  9. ^ Includes Western Sahara.
  10. ^ Referred to as "West Bank and Gaza" in the IMF and World Bank reports.
  11. ^ CIA registers 2 separate entries for Palestine: "West Bank" and "Gaza Strip". Figures for West Bank include the Gaza Strip -- see "The World Factbook - West Bank". CIA.gov. 15 November 2022. Archived from the original on 6 January 2021.
  12. ^ Referred to as "Burma".

Distorted GDP-per-capita for tax havens

Main articles: Corporate haven § GDP-per-capita tax haven proxy, and Corporate haven § Distorted GDP/GNP

There are many natural economic reasons for GDP-per-capita to vary between jurisdictions (e.g. places rich in oil and gas tend to have high GDP-per-capita figures). However, it is increasingly being recognized that tax havens, or corporate tax havens, have distorted economic data which produces artificially high, or inflated, GDP-per-capita figures.[16] It is estimated that over 15% of global jurisdictions are tax havens (see tax haven lists).[17] An IMF investigation estimates that circa 40% of global foreign direct investment flows, which heavily influence the GDP of various jurisdictions, are described as "phantom" transactions.[18]

A stunning $12 trillion—almost 40 per cent of all foreign direct investment positions globally—is completely artificial: it consists of financial investment passing through empty corporate shells with no real activity. These investments in empty corporate shells almost always pass through well-known tax havens. The eight major pass-through economies—the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Hong Kong SAR, the British Virgin Islands, Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Ireland, and Singapore—host more than 85 per cent of the world's investment in special purpose entities, which are often set up for tax reasons.

— "Piercing the Veil", International Monetary Fund, June 2018[18]

In 2017, Ireland's economic data became so distorted by U.S. multinational tax avoidance strategies (see leprechaun economics), also known as BEPS actions, that Ireland effectively abandoned GDP (and GNP) statistics as credible measures of its economy, and created a replacement statistic called modified gross national income (or GNI*). Ireland is one of the world's largest corporate tax havens.

Ireland has, more or less, stopped using GDP to measure its economy. And on current trends [because Irish GDP is distorting EU-28 aggregate data], the eurozone taken as a whole may need to consider something similar.

— Brad Setser, Council on Foreign Relations, "Ireland exports its Leprechaun", 25 April 2018[19]

The statistical distortions created by the impact on the Irish National Accounts of the global assets and activities of a handful of large multinational corporations have now become so large as to make a mockery of conventional uses of Irish GDP.

— Patrick Honohan, ex-Governor of the Central Bank of Ireland, 13 July 2016[20]

A list of the top 15 GDP-per-capita countries from 2016 to 2017, contains most of the major global tax havens (see GDP-per-capita tax haven proxy for more detail):

International Monetary Fund (2017) World Bank (2016)[21][22]
Rank Country/Territory Type
1 Qatar Oil & Gas
— Macau Tax haven (Sink OFC)
2 Luxembourg Top 10 Tax haven (Sink OFC)
3 Singapore Top 10 Tax haven (Conduit OFC)
4 Brunei Oil & Gas
5 Ireland Top 10 Tax haven (Conduit OFC)
6 Norway Oil & Gas
7 Kuwait Oil & Gas
8 United Arab Emirates Oil & Gas
9  Switzerland Top 10 Tax Haven (Conduit OFC)
— Hong Kong Top 10 Tax Haven (Sink OFC)
10 San Marino Tax haven (Sink OFC)
11 United States 59,495
12 Saudi Arabia Oil & Gas
13 Netherlands Top 10 Tax Haven (Conduit OFC)
14 Iceland 52,150
15 Bahrain Oil & Gas
Rank Country/Territory Type
1 Qatar Oil & Gas
2 Luxembourg Top 10 Tax haven (Sink OFC)
— Macau Tax haven (Sink OFC)
3 Singapore Top 10 Tax haven (Conduit OFC)
4 Brunei Oil & Gas
5 United Arab Emirates Oil & Gas
6 Ireland Top 10 Tax haven (Conduit OFC)
7  Switzerland Top 10 Tax haven (Conduit OFC)
8 Norway Oil & Gas
— Hong Kong Top 10 Tax haven (Sink OFC)
9 United States 57,467
10 Saudi Arabia Oil & Gas
11 Iceland 51,399
12 Netherlands Top 10 Tax haven (Conduit OFC)
13 Austria 50,078
14 Denmark 49,496
15 Sweden 49,175

See also

Notes

  1. ^ There have been no exclusive estimates for the world average by the IMF. 2023 calculations are based on the global GDP (PPP), and population estimates by the IMF.[1]
  2. ^ The following countries are from 2022 data: San Marino and U.S. Virgin Islands
  3. ^ The following countries are from 2022 data: San Marino and U.S. Virgin Islands

References

  1. ^ "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
  2. ^ "Sarkozy attacks focus on economic growth (French president urges more emphasis on quality of life)", The Guardian, 14 September 2009.
  3. ^ "Home | Committees | European Parliament". www.europarl.europa.eu.
  4. ^ "Explaining the Shadow Economy in Europe: Size, Causes and Policy Options". International Monetary Fund. November 2019.
  5. ^ "Sizing Up Black Markets and Red-Light Districts for G.D.P." The New York Times. 9 July 2014.
  6. ^ "GDP to include illegal activity". Financier Worldwide Magazine. August 2014.
  7. ^ "Handbook on the compilation of statistics on illegal economic activities in national accounts and balance of payments". Eurostat. 6 March 2018.
  8. ^ "Data Explorer". data.imf.org.
  9. ^ "GDP per capita, current prices - Purchasing power parity; international dollars per capita". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 14 October 2025. Retrieved 14 October 2025.
  10. ^ a b "WEO Database, October April. Report for Selected Countries and Subjects: World, E.U." IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 22 April 2025. Retrieved 22 April 2025.
  11. ^ "GDP per capita, PPP (current international $)". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  12. ^ a b "Country Comparisons - Real GDP per capita". CIA.gov. The World Factbook. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  13. ^ "The World Factbook - European Union". CIA.gov. Archived from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  14. ^ "The World Factbook - World". CIA.gov. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  15. ^ "IMF DataMapper / Datasets / World Economic Outlook (October 2024) / Population". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 22 October 2024. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
  16. ^ "How tax havens turn economic statistics into nonsense". Quartz. 11 June 2018.
  17. ^ Dharmapala, Dhammika; Hines, James R. Jr. (2009). "Which Countries Become Tax Havens?" (PDF). Journal of Public Economics. 93 (9–10): 1058–1068. doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2009.07.005. S2CID 16653726. The paper implicitly adopts the "smaller" tax haven approach, i.e., disregarding larger countries that have either low taxes rates (for example, Russia), or systems of taxation which permit them to be used to structure tax avoidance schemes (for example, the United Kingdom). It also excludes non-sovereign tax havens (for example, Delaware or Labuan).
  18. ^ a b "Piercing the Veil, Finance & Development, June 2018, Vol. 55, No. 2". IMF Finance & Development. June 2018.
  19. ^ "Ireland Exports its Leprechaun". Council on Foreign Relations. 11 May 2018.
  20. ^ "The Irish National Accounts: Towards some do's and don'ts". irisheconomy.ie. 13 July 2016.
  21. ^ "PPP (current international $)". data.worldbank.org. World Bank. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
  22. ^ "World Bank, International Comparison Program database". Retrieved 10 April 2018.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita&oldid=1346245030"