Integrated into the Wolfram Language are powerful functions for analyzing large volumes of discrete and integer data—often conveniently specified using the Wolfram Language's uniquely flexible pattern language.

Differences — successive differences

Accumulate — cumulative sums

Ratios  ▪  Total  ▪  Commonest  ▪  Mean  ▪  Median

Union — unique elements in a single list or between lists

Tally — tally distinct elements, listing them with their multiplicities

BinCounts, BinLists — count, list elements in a sequence of bins

Cases — list elements matching a pattern

Count — count elements matching a pattern

Position — positions of elements

Sort  ▪  Split  ▪  Complement  ▪  Intersection

list/.rule — replace elements according to a rule

SequenceCases  ▪  SequenceCount  ▪  FindRepeat  ▪  FindTransientRepeat

Distance Measures »

HammingDistance  ▪  MatchingDissimilarity  ▪  EditDistance  ▪  ...

Mathematical Operations »

LatticeReduce  ▪  HermiteDecomposition  ▪  ...

Converting to Other Forms

ArrayRules — convert to positionvalue sparse array form

FromDigits — convert to numbers, polynomials, etc.

ToString — convert to a string

Visualization »

ListPlot  ▪  ArrayPlot  ▪  ColorRules  ▪  ...

Integer Sequences »

FindSequenceFunction — find functional forms for integer sequences

LinearRecurrence  ▪  FindLinearRecurrence