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Technology & Operations Management

Technology & Operations Management

  • Faculty
  • Curriculum
  • Seminars & Conferences
  • Awards & Honors
  • Doctoral Students
Overview Faculty Curriculum Seminars & Conferences Awards & Honors Doctoral Students
    • June 2025
    • Case

    FinSec Bank: Charting an AI Course—Build or Buy?

    By: Michael Parzen

    • June 2025
    • Case

    FinSec Bank: Charting an AI Course—Build or Buy?

    By: Michael Parzen

    • 2025
    • Working Paper

    How Firms Respond to Worker Activism: Evidence from Global Supply Chains

    By: Yanhua Bird, Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel

    Social movement pressures can lead organizations to concede and improve social performance to avoid disruption costs, but we theorize that such responses evoke concession costs that prompt organizations to shift resources and attention from other social domains whose performance suffers. We test this theory by examining tradeoffs global supply chain factories make when responding to local worker activism, evidenced by varying compliance with multinational enterprises’ (MNEs’) labor standards. Analyzing audit data from thousands of Chinese suppliers, we find that suppliers in cities with more wage-related activism increased compliance with MNEs’ wage-related standards but tempered improvement in occupational health and safety. This tradeoff is more pronounced in factories with unions and high-powered productivity incentives, suggesting internal governance structures shape how suppliers respond to social movement pressures.

    • 2025
    • Working Paper

    How Firms Respond to Worker Activism: Evidence from Global Supply Chains

    By: Yanhua Bird, Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel

    Social movement pressures can lead organizations to concede and improve social performance to avoid disruption costs, but we theorize that such responses evoke concession costs that prompt organizations to shift resources and attention from other social domains whose performance suffers. We test this theory by examining tradeoffs global supply...

    • May–June 2025
    • Article

    Algorithmic Assortment Curation: An Empirical Study of Buybox in Online Marketplaces

    By: Santiago Gallino, Nil Karacaoglu and Antonio Moreno

    Most online sales worldwide take place in marketplaces that connect sellers and buyers. The presence of numerous third-party sellers leads to a proliferation of listings for each product, making it difficult for customers to choose between the available options. Online marketplaces adopt algorithmic tools to curate how the different listings for a product are presented to customers. This paper focuses on one such tool, the Buybox, that algorithmically chooses one option to be presented prominently to customers as a default option. We leveraged the staggered introduction of the Buybox within a prominent product category in a leading online marketplace to study how the Buybox impacts marketplace dynamics. Our findings indicate that adopting Buybox results in a substantial increase in marketplace orders and visits. Implementing Buybox reduces the frictions customers and sellers face. On the customer side, we find a reduction of search frictions, evidenced by an increase in conversion rates and a higher impact of Buybox on the mobile channel, which has significantly higher search frictions than desktop channel. On the seller side, the number of sellers offering a product increases following the implementation of Buybox. Customers benefit from lower prices and higher average quality levels when competition in Buyboxes is high. After the introduction of the Buybox, the marketplace also becomes more concentrated. Our paper contributes to the burgeoning literature on the role of algorithms in platforms by examining how algorithmic curation impacts the participants of the marketplace as well as the marketplace dynamics.

    • May–June 2025
    • Article

    Algorithmic Assortment Curation: An Empirical Study of Buybox in Online Marketplaces

    By: Santiago Gallino, Nil Karacaoglu and Antonio Moreno

    Most online sales worldwide take place in marketplaces that connect sellers and buyers. The presence of numerous third-party sellers leads to a proliferation of listings for each product, making it difficult for customers to choose between the available options. Online marketplaces adopt algorithmic tools to curate how the different listings for a...

About the Unit

As the world of operations has changed, so have interests and priorities within the Unit. Historically, the TOM Unit focused on manufacturing and the development of physical products. Over the past several years, we have expanded our research, course development, and course offerings to encompass new issues in information technology, supply chains, and service industries.

The field of TOM is concerned with the design, management, and improvement of operating systems and processes. As we seek to understand the challenges confronting firms competing in today's demanding environment, the focus of our work has broadened to include the multiple activities comprising a firm's "operating core":

  • the multi-function, multi-firm system that includes basic research, design, engineering, product and process development and production of goods and services within individual operating units;
  • the networks of information and material flows that tie operating units together and the systems that support these networks;
  • the distribution and delivery of goods and services to customers.

Recent Publications

FinSec Bank: Charting an AI Course—Build or Buy?

By: Michael Parzen
  • June 2025 |
  • Case |
  • Faculty Research
Citation
Educators
Purchase
Related
Parzen, Michael. "FinSec Bank: Charting an AI Course—Build or Buy?" Harvard Business School Case 625-126, June 2025.

How Firms Respond to Worker Activism: Evidence from Global Supply Chains

By: Yanhua Bird, Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
  • 2025 |
  • Working Paper |
  • Faculty Research
Social movement pressures can lead organizations to concede and improve social performance to avoid disruption costs, but we theorize that such responses evoke concession costs that prompt organizations to shift resources and attention from other social domains whose performance suffers. We test this theory by examining tradeoffs global supply chain factories make when responding to local worker activism, evidenced by varying compliance with multinational enterprises’ (MNEs’) labor standards. Analyzing audit data from thousands of Chinese suppliers, we find that suppliers in cities with more wage-related activism increased compliance with MNEs’ wage-related standards but tempered improvement in occupational health and safety. This tradeoff is more pronounced in factories with unions and high-powered productivity incentives, suggesting internal governance structures shape how suppliers respond to social movement pressures.
Keywords: Worker Activism; Labor Standards; Tradeoffs; Global Supply Chains; Internal Governance Structure
Citation
Read Now
Related
Bird, Yanhua, Jodi L. Short, and Michael W. Toffel. "How Firms Respond to Worker Activism: Evidence from Global Supply Chains." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-061, June 2025.

Algorithmic Assortment Curation: An Empirical Study of Buybox in Online Marketplaces

By: Santiago Gallino, Nil Karacaoglu and Antonio Moreno
  • May–June 2025 |
  • Article |
  • Manufacturing & Service Operations Management
Most online sales worldwide take place in marketplaces that connect sellers and buyers. The presence of numerous third-party sellers leads to a proliferation of listings for each product, making it difficult for customers to choose between the available options. Online marketplaces adopt algorithmic tools to curate how the different listings for a product are presented to customers. This paper focuses on one such tool, the Buybox, that algorithmically chooses one option to be presented prominently to customers as a default option. We leveraged the staggered introduction of the Buybox within a prominent product category in a leading online marketplace to study how the Buybox impacts marketplace dynamics. Our findings indicate that adopting Buybox results in a substantial increase in marketplace orders and visits. Implementing Buybox reduces the frictions customers and sellers face. On the customer side, we find a reduction of search frictions, evidenced by an increase in conversion rates and a higher impact of Buybox on the mobile channel, which has significantly higher search frictions than desktop channel. On the seller side, the number of sellers offering a product increases following the implementation of Buybox. Customers benefit from lower prices and higher average quality levels when competition in Buyboxes is high. After the introduction of the Buybox, the marketplace also becomes more concentrated. Our paper contributes to the burgeoning literature on the role of algorithms in platforms by examining how algorithmic curation impacts the participants of the marketplace as well as the marketplace dynamics.
Keywords: Algorithms; Marketplaces
Citation
Purchase
Related
Gallino, Santiago, Nil Karacaoglu, and Antonio Moreno. "Algorithmic Assortment Curation: An Empirical Study of Buybox in Online Marketplaces." Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 27, no. 3 (May–June 2025): 917–934.

Krenetech Solutions (B): The AI Curveball

By: Michael Parzen
  • May 2025 |
  • Supplement |
  • Faculty Research
Citation
Related
Parzen, Michael. "Krenetech Solutions (B): The AI Curveball." Harvard Business School Supplement 625-123, May 2025.

Krenetech Solutions (A): The AI Co-Pilot – A Test of Generative Leadership

By: Michael Parzen
  • May 2025 |
  • Case |
  • Faculty Research
Citation
Educators
Related
Parzen, Michael. "Krenetech Solutions (A): The AI Co-Pilot – A Test of Generative Leadership." Harvard Business School Case 625-122, May 2025.

Ghassan Nuqul and the Nuqul Group: Preserving a Father's Legacy

By: Christina R. Wing
  • May 2025 |
  • Teaching Plan |
  • Faculty Research
Teaching Plan for HBS Case No. 624-030.
Citation
Purchase
Related
Wing, Christina R. "Ghassan Nuqul and the Nuqul Group: Preserving a Father's Legacy." Harvard Business School Teaching Plan 625-131, May 2025.

Calyx Global: Rating Carbon Credits

By: Michael W. Toffel and Adam Chen
  • May 2025 |
  • Teaching Note |
  • Faculty Research
Teaching note to support the Calyx Global: Ratinng Carbon Credits case (HBS No. 625-102)
Citation
Purchase
Related
Toffel, Michael W., and Adam Chen. "Calyx Global: Rating Carbon Credits." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 625-103, May 2025.

'Net Zero in Action': Impact Investing at the McKnight Foundation

By: Lauren Cohen, Christina R. Wing and Sophia Pan
  • May 2025 |
  • Case |
  • Faculty Research
Elizabeth McGeveran, Vice President of Investments at the McKnight Foundation, reflected on how to effectively advance the organization’s net-zero strategy. The foundation had committed 10% of its endowment to building a portfolio of impact investments and was among the first family foundations to embrace ESG investing—despite the limited availability of robust metrics. McKnight recognized that sustainable investing did not equate to sacrificing returns; in fact, the foundation had already demonstrated its ability to generate competitive performance. Still, leadership acknowledged that some growing pains and short-term deviation from traditional benchmarks were inevitable. The question now was: how could they continue to succeed in their ESG strategy—and, more importantly, position themselves as a market signal, setting higher expectations for fund managers on environmental and social governance?
Keywords: Investment Fund; Philanthropy; Charitable Donations; Sustainability; Foundation; Impact Investing; ESG; Family Business; Forecasting and Prediction; Private Sector; Renewable Energy; Social Entrepreneurship; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Green Technology; Financial Strategy; Investment Funds; Investment Portfolio; Institutional Investing; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Private Ownership; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Social Issues; Sustainable Cities; Financial Services Industry; Minnesota; United States
Citation
Educators
Related
Cohen, Lauren, Christina R. Wing, and Sophia Pan. "'Net Zero in Action': Impact Investing at the McKnight Foundation." Harvard Business School Case 225-095, May 2025.
More Publications

In the News

    • 04 Jun 2025
    • Founding Fuel

    From Boston to Bharat

    Re: Prithwiraj Choudhury
    • 01 Jun 2025
    • Business Insider

    Companies Are Struggling to Fill Manufacturing Positions, Let Alone Plan for What Trump’s Administration Has in Mind

    Re: Willy Shih
    • 21 May 2025
    • Peggy Smedley Show

    Work from Anywhere

    Re: Prithwiraj Choudhury
→More Faculty News

HBS Working Knowledge

    • 05 Nov 2024

    AI Can Help Leaders Communicate, But Can't Make Employees Listen

    Re: Prithwiraj Choudhury
    • 01 Nov 2024

    Layoffs Surging in a Strong Economy? Advice for Navigating Uncertain Times

    by Rachel Layne
    • 11 Oct 2024

    How AI Could Ease the Refugee Crisis and Bring New Talent to Businesses

    Re: Elisabeth C. Paulson
→More Working Knowledge Articles

Harvard Business Publishing

    • May–June 2025
    • Article

    What People Get Wrong About Psychological Safety

    By: Amy C. Edmondson and Michaela J. Kerrissey
    • June 2025
    • Case

    FinSec Bank: Charting an AI Course—Build or Buy?

    By: Michael Parzen
    • 2025
    • Book

    The World Is Your Office: How Work from Anywhere Boosts Talent, Productivity, and Innovation

    By: Prithwiraj Choudhury
→More Harvard Business Publishing

Seminars & Conferences

There are no upcoming events.

→More Seminars & Conferences

Faculty Positions

Harvard Business School seeks candidates in all fields for full time positions. Candidates with outstanding records in PhD or DBA programs are encouraged to apply.
→Learn More

Contact Information

Technology & Operations Management Unit
Harvard Business School
Morgan Hall
Soldiers Field
Boston, MA 02163
tomunit@hbs.edu

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