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Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center
ArrayReduce
  • See Also
    • Map
    • Flatten
    • Transpose
    • ArrayFlatten
    • Sum
    • ArrayReshape
    • AggregationLayer
  • Related Guides
    • Applying Functions to Lists
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    • Tensors
    • Handling Arrays of Data
    • See Also
      • Map
      • Flatten
      • Transpose
      • ArrayFlatten
      • Sum
      • ArrayReshape
      • AggregationLayer
    • Related Guides
      • Applying Functions to Lists
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ArrayReduce[f,array,n]

reduces dimension n of array by applying f.

ArrayReduce[f,array,n1;;n2]

reduces dimensions n1 through n2.

ArrayReduce[f,array,{n1,n2,…}]

reduces dimensions n1, n2, etc.

ArrayReduce[f,array,{{n11,n12,…},{n21,n22,…},…}]

applies f to arrays formed by combining all dimensions nij to make each dimension i.

Details
Details and Options Details and Options
Examples  
Basic Examples  
Scope  
Properties & Relations  
See Also
Related Guides
History
Cite this Page
BUILT-IN SYMBOL
  • See Also
    • Map
    • Flatten
    • Transpose
    • ArrayFlatten
    • Sum
    • ArrayReshape
    • AggregationLayer
  • Related Guides
    • Applying Functions to Lists
    • Rearranging & Restructuring Lists
    • Tensors
    • Handling Arrays of Data
    • See Also
      • Map
      • Flatten
      • Transpose
      • ArrayFlatten
      • Sum
      • ArrayReshape
      • AggregationLayer
    • Related Guides
      • Applying Functions to Lists
      • Rearranging & Restructuring Lists
      • Tensors
      • Handling Arrays of Data

ArrayReduce

ArrayReduce[f,array,n]

reduces dimension n of array by applying f.

ArrayReduce[f,array,n1;;n2]

reduces dimensions n1 through n2.

ArrayReduce[f,array,{n1,n2,…}]

reduces dimensions n1, n2, etc.

ArrayReduce[f,array,{{n11,n12,…},{n21,n22,…},…}]

applies f to arrays formed by combining all dimensions nij to make each dimension i.

Details

  • Array reduction, also called array aggregation, is used to compute functions such as Mean, Total or StandardDeviation along specific dimensions of an array.
  • In ArrayReduce[f,array,n], f is applied to every vector along the n^(th) dimension of array. It can be seen as a transposition where dimension n becomes the last dimension, followed by the application of f on the lowest-level vectors:
  • If array has dimensions {d1,d2,…}, and if the function is transforming a vector into a scalar, the results is an array that has the same dimensions as array except for dn, which is dropped.
  • In ArrayReduce[f,array,n1;;n2] and ArrayReduce[f,array,{n1,n2,…}], f is applied to every vector formed by combining and flattening the specified dimensions.
  • In ArrayReduce[f,array,{{n11,n12,…},{n21,n22,…},…}], f is applied to arrays of arbitrary ranks instead of vectors only.
  • ArrayReduce[f,array,{n1,n2,…}] is equivalent to ArrayReduce[f,array,{{n1,n2,…}}].

Examples

open all close all

Basic Examples  (3)

Compute the mean of every row of a matrix:

Compute the mean of every column of a matrix:

Define an array of rank 3:

Compute the standard deviation over the second dimension:

The resulting array is of rank 2, and the second axis has been removed:

Visualize the input and output arrays:

Define an array of rank 5:

Reduce the dimensions of the array by computing the total over dimensions 2 and 4:

Scope  (3)

Take an array of dimensions 2×3×4:

Apply head h along the first level, obtaining a result of dimensions 3×4:

Apply head h along the second level, obtaining a result of dimensions 2×4:

Apply head h along the third level, obtaining a result of dimensions 2×3:

Take an array of five levels:

Reduce several consecutive levels of the array:

This is equivalent to listing explicitly the reduced levels:

The order of the given levels is irrelevant:

Take an array organized by years, trimesters and months in its three levels:

Reduce along the third level (months), obtaining a matrix with dimensions two years by four trimesters:

Reduce along the second level (trimesters):

Reduce along the first level (years):

Reduce simultaneously two levels, in three different possible ways, with results always being vectors:

Reduce all levels at once, with a scalar result:

Properties & Relations  (9)

ArrayReduce[f,array,n] is equivalent to ArrayReduce[f,array,{n}] for a positive integer n:

ArrayReduce[Total,array,n] is equivalent to Total[array,{n}]:

ArrayReduce[Total,array,1;;n] is equivalent to Total[array,n]:

For an array a of depth k, ArrayReduce[f,a,{1,…,k}] is equivalent to f[Flatten[a]]:

For an array a of depth k, ArrayReduce[f,a,{}] is equivalent to Map[f,a,{k}]:

For an array a of depth k and a list ν={n1,n2,…,ns} of distinct levels ni≤k, ArrayReduce[f,a,ν] is equivalent to Map[f,Flatten[a,{{m1},…,{mr},ν}],{r}] with {m1,...,mr}=Complement[Range[k],ν]:

For an array a of depth k and levels n1≤n2≤k, ArrayReduce[f,a,n1;;n2] is equivalent to ArrayReduce[f,a,Range[n1,n2]]:

For an array a, ArrayReduce[f,a,{{n1,…,ns}}] is equivalent to ArrayReduce[f,a,{n1,…,ns}]:

For a rectangular array a, TensorContract[a,{{i1,i2},{j1,j2},…}] is equivalent to ArrayReduce[Tr,a,{{i1,j1,…},{i2,j2,…}}]:

AggregationLayer[f,levels][array] can also be expressed as ArrayReduce[f,array,levels]:

See Also

Map  Flatten  Transpose  ArrayFlatten  Sum  ArrayReshape  AggregationLayer

Related Guides

    ▪
  • Applying Functions to Lists
  • ▪
  • Rearranging & Restructuring Lists
  • ▪
  • Tensors
  • ▪
  • Handling Arrays of Data

History

Introduced in 2020 (12.2)

Wolfram Research (2020), ArrayReduce, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArrayReduce.html.

Text

Wolfram Research (2020), ArrayReduce, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArrayReduce.html.

CMS

Wolfram Language. 2020. "ArrayReduce." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArrayReduce.html.

APA

Wolfram Language. (2020). ArrayReduce. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArrayReduce.html

BibTeX

@misc{reference.wolfram_2025_arrayreduce, author="Wolfram Research", title="{ArrayReduce}", year="2020", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArrayReduce.html}", note=[Accessed: 04-February-2026]}

BibLaTeX

@online{reference.wolfram_2025_arrayreduce, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={ArrayReduce}, year={2020}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArrayReduce.html}, note=[Accessed: 04-February-2026]}

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