fix: Compile TS to JS during packaging

[camdecoster]

Description

Compile TS down to JS during packaging (before publishing) to fix issue with Node resolution.

Closes #7995.

Also fixes TS issues discovered during investigation:

• Fix Data type references
• Update D3 types and move to dependency

Changes

• Add script to compile TS to JS during packaging
• Add test to check Node resolution
• Add test to CI workflow
• Exclude .ts files from packaging
• Fix type references

Testing

• Be on main
• Run npm ci
• Run the following command:

npm pack --pack-destination /tmp
mkdir -p /tmp/plotly-verify && cd /tmp/plotly-verify && npm init -y && npm i /tmp/plotly.js-4.0.0.tgz
node -e "console.log(require.resolve('plotly.js/src/lib/mod'))"

• Note the resolution error
• Switch to this branch
• Run through the steps again
• Note that there's no error

Notes

• The error stemmed from the fact that Node doesn't resolve TS files when they're installed in node_modules
• plotly.js points to its source in package.json (see main). Node therefore follows that path to resolve the package and it throws an error when it encounters a TS file.
• This fix converts everything to JS before publishing so that the resolution completes correctly
• Two other errors were fixed while working on this update:
  • The Data type in index.d.ts was being imported incorrectly
  • The d3 types were being imported incorrectly