Machchharr
| Machchharr | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Aedes aegypti: the vector of dengue fever and yellow fever | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Suborder: | Nematocera |
| Family: | |
| Subfamilies | |
| Diversity | |
| 43 genera | |
Machchharr ek chhotaa urre waala kirwa hae jiske 3,600 species hae. Machchharr ke dehin tiin hissa me rahe hae, iske lage dui pakhaa, chhe gorr aur chuuse ke khatir lambaa muh hae. Sab machchharr fuul me se duudh (nectar) chuuse hae aur kuchh species khuun bhi piye hae.
Female Machchharr
[badlo | source ke badlo]Females ectoparasites rahe hae: ii warm-blooded janwar pe baith ke, ek nas ke chhede hae, aur isme aapan thuuk bhare hae jisske khuun bahte rahe hae. Iske baad uu khuun ke chuus ke khaae le hae. Khuun me kuchh khatanaat chhota-chhota parasite thuuk me rahe hae. [1][2] Machchharr ke thuuk garam khuun waala jaanwar me, kaate ke time transfer hoe hae. Isse histamine hoe hae jisse khajuwae waala khajuli nikle hae.
Iske saathe machchharr ke species pathogens ek host se duusra me failae hae, jab uu kaate hae. Ii rakam se, machchharr, parasitic bemaari ke faelaae me importnat hae, jaise malaria aur filariasis, aur arboviral bemaari jaise yellow fever, Chikungunya, West Nile, dengue fever, aur Zika.
Bemaari failaae ke time , machcharr ke kaara dher jan ke maut hoe hae, duusra jaanwar se jaada: lagbhag 700,000 har saal.[3][4]
Males
[badlo | source ke badlo]Male machchharr nectar-khaawe hae, and aur female nhi nector khaawe hae. Lakin andaa de ke taiyaari me female machchharr khuun khaawe lage hae, protein ke khaatir. [5]
Life cycle
[badlo | source ke badlo]Machchharr, paani me andaa de hae. Andaa se larvae nikle hae jon paani ke surface ke lage ghume hae aur air tubes jin paani se bahaar nikla rahe hae se saans le hae. Ii aapan khaana paani se le hae, jisme jaada kar ke algae aur duusra chhota-chhota jaanwar rahe hae. Larvae kuchh din nai to haftaa ke baad pupa ban jaawe hae, ii paani ke temperature aur species ke uppar nitbhar hae.[6]
Pupae khaawe nai hae, lekin paani me ghumte rahe hae, aur larvae ke rakam ek tube jin paani se baahar nikle hae, se saans le hae. Pupa ke stage bahut chhotaa hae aur kuchh din baad ii machchharr ban jaawe hae. Machchharr ke dher species hae. Iske kaaran hae ki alag-alag species duusra-duusra host ke khuun piye hae. Machchharr ke dui subfamilies, 43 genera aur 3,500 se jaada species hae.[7]
Machchharr ke kaabu me kare ke
[badlo | source ke badlo]Machchharr se faelae waala bemaari ke kaabu me kare ke khaatir iske andaa de waala jgha, jaise ruka waala paani, ke hatae ke chaahi. Iske pesticise, natural predators aur trap kare se bhi control karaa jaawe sake hae.
- ↑ Harrison, Gordon A. 1978. Mosquitoes, malaria, and man: a history of the hostilities since 1880 ISBN 0525160256 / 0-525-16025-6
- ↑ Day, Nancy 2001. Malaria, West Nile, and other mosquito-borne diseases Enslow. ISBN 9780766015975
- ↑ "Mosquitoes of Michigan -Their Biology and Control". Michigan Mosquito Control Organization. 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-03-30.
- ↑ "Would it be wrong to eradicate mosquitoes? – BBC News", 2016-01-28.
- ↑ "Why do only female mosquitoes bite?". Mètode (in English). 23 July 2015.
- ↑ Silver, John B. 2008. Mosquito ecology. 3rd ed, Springer, Berlin. ISBN 978-1-4020-6665-8
- ↑ Harbach R.E. 2011. Mosquito Taxonomic Inventory