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John Sayles

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John Sayles
Sayles in 2008
Born
John Thomas Sayles

(1950-09-28) September 28, 1950 (age 75)
Schenectady, New York, U.S.
EducationWilliams College
Occupations
  • Director
  • screenwriter
  • editor
  • actor
  • novelist
Years active1971–present

John Thomas Sayles (born September 28, 1950) is an American independent film director, screenwriter, editor, actor, and novelist. He is known for writing and directing the films The Brother from Another Planet (1984), Matewan (1987), Eight Men Out (1988), Passion Fish (1992), The Secret of Roan Inish (1994), Lone Star (1996), Men with Guns (1997), Sunshine State (2002), and Silver City (2004).

For Eight Men Out, Sayles was nominated for the USC Scripter Award. He has twice been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay, for Passion Fish and Lone Star. At the 56th Golden Globe Awards, Men with Guns was nominated for Best Foreign Language Film. His directorial debut Return of the Secaucus 7 (1980), as well as Matewan, were added to the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress in 1997 and 2023, respectively.

Early life

[edit]

Sayles was born on September 28, 1950, in Schenectady, New York, the son of Mary (née Rausch), a teacher, and Donald John Sayles, a school administrator.[1] Both of Sayles's parents were Catholic and of half-Irish descent. Sayles has referred to himself as a "Catholic atheist".[2] He attended Williams College with frequent collaborators Gordon Clapp and David Strathairn, as well as his longtime partner, Maggie Renzi. Sayles earned a B.A. in psychology in 1972.[3]

Career

[edit]

After college, Sayles moved to Boston where he held a series of blue-collar jobs.[3][4] In summer of 1974 he acted and directed at the Eastern Slope Playhouse in North Conway, New Hampshire.[5] In 1975 he worked with The Atlantic Monthly on expanding a 50-page story he had submitted.[4] This effort culminated in his first novel, The Pride of the Bimbos, published in 1975.

Like Martin Scorsese, Francis Ford Coppola, Ron Howard, James Cameron and Jonathan Demme, Sayles began his film career working for independent, low-budget producer Roger Corman.[6] Sayles was discovered by Frances Doel, script supervisor for Corman's New World Pictures. She hired Sayles to rewrite a Jaws knockoff that was in development; it would turn into the film Piranha (1978).[6] He soon demonstrated an ability to rapidly create scripts that met Corman's standards. Sayles was later called "the greatest screenwriter to ever work at New World."[7]

Directorial debut

[edit]

In 1979, Sayles used $30,000 he earned writing scripts for Corman to fund his first film, Return of the Secaucus 7.[8] To make the film on a limited budget, he shot it in 16 mm;[9] he set the story over a three-day weekend to limit costume changes, and wrote about people his age so that he could cast his actor friends from the Eastern Slope Playhouse;[10][11] he chose as the primary setting a large nearby house to avoid travel expenses or the need for permits for different locations.[12] The film received near-unanimous critical acclaim at the time and has maintained its reputation. In 1997, the National Film Preservation Board announced that Return of the Secaucus 7 would be one of 25 films selected that year for preservation in the National Film Registry at the Library of Congress.[13]

Filmmaker and screenwriter

[edit]

In 1983, after making the films Baby It's You (starring Rosanna Arquette) and Lianna (a story in which a woman grows discontented with her marriage and falls in love with another woman), Sayles received a MacArthur Fellowship. He put the money into the science fiction feature The Brother from Another Planet,[14] a film about a three-toed humanoid who escapes bondage on another world and crash-lands in New York harbor; because he is Africanoid in appearance, he finds himself at home among the people of Harlem, being pursued by European-looking alien enslaver men in black.[15]

In the 1980s, Sayles directed the music videos for three songs from Bruce Springsteen's Born in the USA album.[16] In 1989, Sayles created and wrote the pilot episode for the short-lived television show Shannon's Deal about a down-and-out Philadelphia lawyer played by Jamey Sheridan.[17] Sayles received a 1990 Edgar Award for his teleplay for the pilot.[18][19] The show ran for 16 episodes before being cancelled in 1991.

He has funded most of his films by writing genre scripts, such as Piranha, Alligator, The Howling, and The Challenge.[20] He has also earned money by working as a script doctor, for example, he did rewrites for Apollo 13 and Mimic.[21] Sayles's genre script Night Skies inspired what would eventually become the film E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial.[22] The film's director, Steven Spielberg, later commissioned Sayles to write a script (unused) for the fourth Jurassic Park film.[23]

The list of Sayles's own films also includes Lone Star, Passion Fish, Eight Men Out, The Secret of Roan Inish, Matewan, and Sunshine State. He works with a regular repertory of actors, most notably Chris Cooper, David Strathairn, and Gordon Clapp, each of whom appeared in at least four of his films. Sayles often acts in small roles in films he directs, and he has occasionally been employed as a supporting actor in other people's films and TV programs, for instance, after collaborating with Joe Dante on Piranha and The Howling, Sayles acted in Dante's movie, Matinee.

Sayles serves on the advisory board for the Austin Film Society.[24] Maggie Renzi has been Sayles's long-time companion (and collaborator), but they have not married. She has produced most of his films since Lianna. They met as students at Williams College.[25]

In early 2003, Sayles signed the Not In Our Name "Statement of Conscience" (along with Noam Chomsky, Steve Earle, Brian Eno, Jesse Jackson, Viggo Mortensen, Bonnie Raitt, Oliver Stone, Marisa Tomei, Susan Sarandon and others) which opposed the invasion of Iraq.[26]

In 2009, Sayles was hired to write a proposed HBO series based on the early life of Anthony Kiedis of the Red Hot Chili Peppers.[27] In May 2010, Sayles submitted a pilot episode, but the following year it was announced that HBO was no longer interested in the series and that FX picked up the rights. By that point, Sayles had dropped out of the project.[28]

In February 2010, he began shooting his 17th feature film, the historical war drama Amigo, in the Philippines. The film is a fictional account of events during the Philippine–American War, with a cast that includes Joel Torre, Chris Cooper, and Garret Dillahunt.[29]

Sayles's last directorial effort was Go for Sisters (2013). In subsequent years, he struggled to raise enough money to make a film with professional actors and crew.[30]

Novelist

[edit]
Sayles at the Miami Book Fair International, 2011

Parallel with his film career, Sayles has produced a steady stream of novels. He enjoyed early success with Union Dues (1977), which was a finalist for the National Book Award for Fiction.[31] With the publication of Los Gusanos (1991)—a sprawling tale of Miami's Cuban exile community and 50 years of Cuban-American relations—Sayles began writing novels on a broad canvas with a penchant for lengthy works of historical fiction.[32] He once called Gravity's Rainbow by Thomas Pynchon "the best 'big' book I know",[33] and as Tom LeClair said of Sayles's 1,000-page A Moment in the Sun (2011), "In its scale, multiple plots, rigorous attention to setting and technology, colloquial exactitude, race consciousness and suspicion of political power, A Moment in the Sun is admirably Pynchonian."[34] Another reviewer noted that for a budget-constrained independent filmmaker like Sayles, it "must have seemed a luxury to expand the story far beyond what would fit in 90 minutes, and to include places from the past that would be prohibitive to reproduce".[35]

In a review of the 700-page Jamie MacGillivray (2022), Alex Preston wrote: "As with his previous books Yellow Earth (2020) and A Moment in the Sun (2011), this is a vast, epic and multidimensional tale, a larger and more various narrative than any film could hope to contain."[36] Critics praised Sayles for skillfully managing the demands of the lengthy novel form, with "his rare ability to inhabit the intersecting perspectives, motivations, and desires of a diverse dramatis personae",[37] and for being able "to balance his cinematic crowds with novelistic inwardness".[34]

In interviews, Sayles has spoken about the process in which his story ideas and historical research are sometimes turned into fiction, and sometimes into film: "Both Jamie MacGillivray and To Save the Man started as screenplays we couldn't raise the money to make. Casa de los Babys was a movie I made based on a short story I'd written."[38] The Honeydripper screenplay originated with his short story "Keeping Time", published in the Dillinger in Hollywood (2004) collection.[39] His film Amigo grew out of the research he did for A Moment in the Sun, both works taking place at the turn of the 20th century in the U.S., Cuba, and the Philippines.[40] Late in his career, when Sayles was unable to raise funds for new films, he continued to publish new fiction.[30]

Filmography

[edit]

Film

[edit]
Year Title Director Writer Editor
1978 Piranha No Yes No
1979 The Lady in Red No Yes No
1980 Return of the Secaucus 7 Yes Yes Yes
Battle Beyond the Stars No Yes No
Alligator No Yes No
1981 The Howling No Yes No
1982 The Challenge No Yes No
1983 Lianna Yes Yes Yes
Baby It's You Yes Yes No
Enormous Changes at the Last Minute No Yes No
1984 The Brother from Another Planet Yes Yes Yes
1986 The Clan of the Cave Bear No Yes No
1987 Wild Thing No Yes No
Matewan Yes Yes No
1988 Eight Men Out Yes Yes No
1989 Breaking In No Yes No
1991 City of Hope Yes Yes Yes
1992 Passion Fish Yes Yes Yes
1994 The Secret of Roan Inish Yes Yes Yes
Men of War No Yes No
1995 Apollo 13 No Uncredited No
1996 Lone Star Yes Yes Yes
1997 Men with Guns Yes Yes Yes
1999 Limbo Yes Yes Yes
2002 Sunshine State Yes Yes Yes
2003 Casa de los babys Yes Yes Yes
2004 Silver City Yes Yes Yes
2007 Honeydripper Yes Yes Yes
2008 The Spiderwick Chronicles No Yes No
2010 Amigo Yes Yes Yes
2013 Go for Sisters Yes Yes Yes
2018 The Devil's Highway No Yes No

Executive producer

[edit]

Television

[edit]
Year Title Notes
1980 A Perfect Match Television film; writer
1986 Unnatural Causes Television film; writer
1989–1991 Shannon's Deal Television series; creator, writer, and producer
2018 The Alienist Television series; writer and consulting producer
TBA The Gray House Television series; writer

Acting roles

[edit]
Year Title Role Notes
1978 Piranha Soldier Uncredited
1980 Return of the Secaucus 7 Howie
1981 The Howling Morgue Attendant Uncredited
1983 Lianna Jerry
1984 The Brother from Another Planet Man in Black #2
1984 Hard Choices Don
1986 Something Wild Motorcycle Cop
1986 Unnatural Causes Lloyd Television film
1987 Matewan Hardshell Preacher
1988 Eight Men Out Ring Lardner
1989 Untamagiru US High Commissioner
1989 The End of the Night Wayne
1990 Shannon's Deal Ronny Nash 2 episodes
1990 Little Vegas Mike
1991 City of Hope Carl
1991 Square One Television Roy "Lefty" Combs 4 episodes
1992 Straight Talk Guy Girardi
1992 Passion Fish Soap Doctor Uncredited
1992 Malcolm X FBI Agent
1993 Matinee Bob
1997 Gridlock'd Cop
2000 Girlfight Science Teacher
2002 Sunshine State Man who almost got hit by a golf ball Uncredited
2007 Honeydripper Zeke
2009 In the Electric Mist Michael Goldman
2012 The Normals Dr. Marx
2025 Poker Face Chief Hal Episode: "The Taste of Human Blood"

Bibliography

[edit]

Novels

[edit]
  • Pride of the Bimbos (1975). Little, Brown. ISBN 978-0316772303
  • Union Dues (1977). Little, Brown. ISBN 978-0316772310
  • Los Gusanos (1991).[41] HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN 978-0060166533
  • A Moment in the Sun (2011). McSweeney's Books. ISBN 978-1936365180
  • Yellow Earth (2022).[42] Haymarket Books. ISBN 9781642597073
  • Jamie MacGillivray: The Renegade's Journey (2022).[43] Melville House. ISBN 978-1612199887
  • To Save the Man (2025). Melville House. ISBN 978-1685891411
  • Crucible (2026). Melville House. ISBN 978-1685892272

Short story collections

[edit]

Screenplays

[edit]

Non-fiction

[edit]
  • Thinking in Pictures: The Making of the Movie "Matewan" (1987). Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0395453889
  • Sayles on Sayles (1998). Faber & Faber. Edited by Gavin Smith. ISBN 978-0571192809
  • John Sayles: Interviews (1999). University Press of Mississippi. Edited by Diane Carson. ISBN 978-1578061389
  • Sayles Talk: New Perspectives on Independent Filmmaker John Sayles (2006). Wayne State University Press. Edited by Diane Carson and Heidi Kenaga. ISBN 978-0814331552
  • Backstory 5: Interviews with Screenwriters of the 1990s (2010). University of California Press. Edited by Patrick McGilligan. ISBN 978-0520251052

Music videos

[edit]

Awards/nominations

[edit]

Films

[edit]

Awards for Return of the Secaucus 7:

Awards for Matewan:

Awards for Shannon's Deal:

  • Best Television Feature or Miniseries (Win) – 1990 Edgar Award

Awards for City of Hope:

Awards for Passion Fish:

Awards for The Secret of Roan Inish:

Awards for Lone Star:

  • Best Original Screenplay (Nominated) – John Sayles – 1997 Academy Awards[48]
  • Best Original Screenplay (Nominated) – John Sayles – 1997 BAFTA Awards[49]
  • Best Screenplay, Motion Picture (Nominated) – John Sayles – 1997 Golden Globes
  • Best Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen (Nominated) – John Sayles – 1997 Writers Guild of America Award
  • Best Picture (Nominated) – 1997 Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards
  • Best Motion Picture Original Screenplay (Win) – John Sayles – 1997 Golden Satellite Awards
  • Best Motion Picture – Drama (Nominated) – Maggie Renzi & R. Paul Miller – 1997 Golden Satellite Awards
  • Best Screenplay (Nominated) – John Sayles – 1997 Independent Spirit Awards
  • Best Film (Win) – Lone Star – 1996 Lone Star Film & Television Awards
  • Best Director (Win) – John Sayles – 1996 Lone Star Film & Television Awards
  • Best Screenplay (Win) – John Sayles – 1996 Lone Star Film & Television Awards
  • Special Achievement Award for Outstanding Feature Film (Win) – 1996 NCLR Bravo Awards
  • Best Director (Win) – John Sayles – 1997 Southeastern Film Critics Association Awards

Awards for Men with Guns/Hombres armados:

Awards for Limbo:

Awards for Sunshine State:

  • Golden Orange Award (Win) – John Sayles – 2002 Florida Film Critics Circle Awards[54]
  • Special Mention For Excellence In Filmmaking (Win) – 2002 National Board of Review[55]

Award for Silver City:

  • Golden Seashell Award for Best Film (Nominated) – John Sayles – 2004 San Sebastián International Film Festival[56]

Awards for Honeydripper:

Other recognition

[edit]

Sayles's first published story, "I-80 Nebraska", won an O. Henry Award; his novel, Union Dues, was nominated for a National Book Award as well as the National Book Critics Circle Award.

In 1983,[59] Sayles received the John D. MacArthur Award, given to 20 Americans in diverse fields each year for their innovative work. He has also been the recipient of the Eugene V. Debs Award, the John Steinbeck Award and the John Cassavetes Award. He was honored with the Ian McLellan Hunter Award for Lifetime Achievement by the Writers Guild of America (1999).

In June 2014, Sayles donated his non-film archive to the University of Michigan. It will be accessible at the Harlan Hatcher Graduate Library. Sayles's film archive is held by the UCLA Film and Television Archive.[60]

Recurring collaborators

[edit]

Actors who have regularly worked with Sayles include Maggie Renzi, David Strathairn, Joe Morton, Chris Cooper, Mary McDonnell, Vincent Spano, Kevin Tighe, Josh Mostel, Tom Wright, Gordon Clapp and Angela Bassett.[61]

Work
Actor
 1980 1983 1984 1987 1988 1991 1992 1994 1996 1997 1999 2002 2003 2004 2007 2010 2013
Return of the Secaucus 7
Jace Alexander
☒N
☒N
☒N
Eliot Asinof
☒N
☒N
Angela Bassett
☒N
☒N
☒N
Jesse Borrego
☒N
☒N
Leo Burmester
☒N
☒N
☒N
Gordon Clapp
☒N
☒N
☒N
☒N
Bill Cobbs
☒N
☒N
Chris Cooper
☒N
☒N
☒N
☒N
☒N
Liane Alexandra Curtis
☒N
☒N
Vondie Curtis-Hall
☒N
☒N
Richard Edson
☒N
☒N
Miguel Ferrer
☒N
☒N
Kathryn Grody
☒N
☒N
Lisa Gay Hamilton
☒N
☒N
Daryl Hannah
☒N
☒N
Clifton James
☒N
☒N
☒N
Kris Kristofferson
☒N
☒N
☒N
Perry Lang
☒N
☒N
Susan Lynch
☒N
☒N
Vanessa Martinez
☒N
☒N
☒N
☒N
Mary McDonnell
☒N
☒N
Sam McMurray
☒N
☒N
Joe Morton
☒N
☒N
☒N
Josh Mostel
☒N
☒N
☒N
Bill Raymond
☒N
☒N
Maggie Renzi
☒N
☒N
☒N
☒N
☒N
☒N
☒N
John Sayles
☒N
☒N
☒N
☒N
☒N
☒N
☒N
☒N
Vincent Spano
☒N
☒N
Mary Steenburgen
☒N
☒N
☒N
Fisher Stevens
☒N
☒N
David Strathairn
☒N
☒N
☒N
☒N
☒N
☒N
☒N
Kevin Tighe
☒N
☒N
☒N
Ralph Waite
☒N
☒N
Tom Wright
☒N
☒N
☒N
☒N
☒N
☒N

See also

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
  • Sayles, John (2003) [1987]. Thinking in Pictures: The Making of the Movie Matewan (Revised ed.). Cambridge: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0306812668.
  • Carson, Diane; Kenaga, Heidi, eds. (2006). Sayles Talk: New Perspectives on Independent Filmmaker John Sayles. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. ISBN 978-0814331552.
  • Shumway, David R. (2012). John Sayles. Contemporary Film Directors. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0252036989.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Carson, Diane (1999). John Sayles: Interviews (Conversations with Filmmakers Series). University Press of Mississippi. p. xix. ISBN 978-1578061389.
  2. ^ "John Sayles: Stories have power". Faith & Leadership. May 7, 2012.
  3. ^ a b "John Sayles | Biography, Movies, Books, Assessment, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved January 23, 2020.
  4. ^ a b Sayles, John (September 6, 1981). "The Making of a Writer: 'I never think of posterity'". The New York Times Book Review. p. 3.
  5. ^ Molyneaux, Gerry (2000). John Sayles: An Unauthorized Biography of the Pioneer Indy Filmmaker. Renaissance Books. p. 20. ISBN 978-1580631259.
  6. ^ a b Molyneaux 2000, p. 18.
  7. ^ Vagg, Stephen (May 13, 2024). "Top Ten Corman – Part Two: Top Ten Screenwriters". FilmInk. Archived from the original on May 15, 2024. Retrieved May 17, 2024.
  8. ^ "8 Hollywood directors from the Roger Corman film school". Den of Geek. November 21, 2012. Archived from the original on October 10, 2018. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
  9. ^ Molyneaux 2000, pp. 22–23.
  10. ^ Molyneaux 2000, pp. 20–21.
  11. ^ Span, Paula (October 14, 1987). "The Independent Obsession of John Sayles". The Washington Post.
  12. ^ Molyneaux 2000, p. 24.
  13. ^ "New to the National Film Registry". The Library of Congress. December 1997.
  14. ^ Corliss, Richard (October 1, 1984). "Blues for Black Actors". Time. Retrieved August 13, 2010.
  15. ^ Greene II, Robert (May 17, 2015). "Black (Alien) Lives Matter". Society for US Intellectual History.
  16. ^ Gottlieb, Steven (February 9, 2013). "Director John Sayles on Bruce Springsteen's 'I'm On Fire'". Video Static.
  17. ^ Molyneaux 2000, pp. 185–87.
  18. ^ "All Winners – Category List – Best TV Feature or MiniSeries". Edgar Awards Info & Database. Mystery Writers of America. Retrieved January 20, 2026.
  19. ^ "John Sayles Interview". The Book Report Network. March 2, 2023.
  20. ^ "Dancing with Werewolves: John Sayles in Roger Corman's Hollywood". Bright Lights Film Journal. August 1, 2003. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
  21. ^ Goldsmith, David F.; Johnson, Mary; Neff, Renfreu; Mercurio, Jim (April 15, 2016). "John Sayles on Screenwriting". Creative Screenwriting.
  22. ^ Miyamoto, Ken (December 10, 2018). "Where the Script Could Have Gone Wrong: E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial". ScreenCraft. Archived from the original on May 22, 2020. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
  23. ^ Hedash, Kara (July 8, 2019). "Jurassic Park 4: Everything We Know About The Original Script". Screen Rant.
  24. ^ "Austin Film Society Board of Directors". austinfilm.org. Austin Film Society. Archived from the original on November 14, 2019. Retrieved November 1, 2019.
  25. ^ McCann, Ruairi (December 18, 2023). "Cinema of Bread and Roses: An Interview with Maggie Renzi and John Sayles". Filmmaker.
  26. ^ "PRIDE OF THE BIMBOS - John Sayles 1975 1st edition 1st printing with dust jacket • $24.99". PicClick. Archived from the original on May 22, 2020. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
  27. ^ Schneider, Michael (February 22, 2009). "Sayles red hot for HBO's 'Scar'". Variety.
  28. ^ Grabert, Jessica (October 14, 2011). "Anthony Kiedis' Scar Tissue Moves From HBO To FX". CinemaBlend.
  29. ^ Valle, Jocelyn (January 24, 2010). "Joel Torre believes 'Baryo' may stir controversy". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on September 16, 2012.
  30. ^ a b Dahl, Patrick (April 12, 2025). "A Conversation with John Sayles". Screen Slate.
  31. ^ "Union Dues". National Book Foundation. July 1, 2020.
  32. ^ Streitfeld, David (July 14, 1991). "Book Report". The Washington Post.
  33. ^ "John Sayles' 6 favorite books". The Week. May 2, 2016.
  34. ^ a b LeClair, Tom (June 10, 2011). "A Novel as Big as America". The New York Times.
  35. ^ Riordan, Kevin (January 2021). "Review: A Moment in the Sun by John Sayles". Evergreen Review.
  36. ^ Preston, Alex (February 28, 2023). "John Sayles Delivers Epic Battles and Travels in a New Novel".
  37. ^ Katz, Seth (December 31, 2019). "John Sayles's Yellow Earth Is a Masterfully Fair Hearing on Human Nature". Slant Magazine.
  38. ^ Heller, Scott (January 22, 2026). "John Sayles Has Come Around on The Sun Also Rises". By the Book. The New York Times.
  39. ^ "Biography of John Sayles". johnsayles.com. Archived from the original on July 13, 2011. Retrieved August 13, 2010.
  40. ^ Rich, Nathaniel (August 18, 2011). "The Passionate Storyteller". The New York Review of Books.
  41. ^ Cantor, Jay (June 16, 1991). "The Opera Is Comic, the Blood Is Real". The New York Times.
  42. ^ "Yellow Earth". haymarketbooks.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2020. Retrieved January 23, 2020.
  43. ^ "Book Review: 'Jamie MacGillivray'". The New York Times. February 28, 2023. Retrieved October 31, 2023.
  44. ^ Tannenbaum, Rob; Marks, Craig (2012). I Want My MTV: The Uncensored Story of the Music Video Revolution. Plume. p. 181. ISBN 978-0-452-29856-9. Archived from the original on August 23, 2023. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  45. ^ Carlin, Peter Ames (October 30, 2012). Bruce. Simon and Schuster. p. 353. ISBN 978-1-4711-1235-5. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  46. ^ a b c "Previous Awards – Political Film Society". polfilms.com. Archived from the original on November 27, 2018. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  47. ^ "The 65th Academy Awards | 1993". Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on May 9, 2019. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  48. ^ "The 69th Academy Awards | 1997". Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on October 9, 2020. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  49. ^ "1997 Film Original Screenplay | BAFTA Awards". awards.bafta.org. Archived from the original on November 27, 2018. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  50. ^ "Winners Nominations · BIFA · British Independent Film Awards". BIFA · British Independent Film Awards. October 24, 1998. Archived from the original on March 25, 2019. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  51. ^ "Winners & Nominees 1999". www.goldenglobes.com. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  52. ^ "Golden Space Needle History 1990-1999". www.siff.net. Archived from the original on February 22, 2020. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  53. ^ "1999 Archives - National Board of Review". National Board of Review. Archived from the original on September 17, 2014. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  54. ^ "2002 FFCC Award Winners". Florida Film Critics Circle. Archived from the original on December 27, 2017. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  55. ^ "2002 Archives - National Board of Review". National Board of Review. Archived from the original on January 7, 2017. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  56. ^ a b "San Sebastian Film Festival". sansebastianfestival. Archived from the original on November 27, 2018. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  57. ^ a b "NAACP | List of NAACP Image Awards Winners". NAACP. February 14, 2008. Archived from the original on April 13, 2017. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  58. ^ "2007 Archives - National Board of Review". National Board of Review. Archived from the original on September 23, 2022. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  59. ^ Sayles, John. "MacArthur Foundation". Archived from the original on May 22, 2020. Retrieved August 20, 2013.
  60. ^ "University of Michigan Acquires Archive of John Sayles". October 8, 2013. Archived from the original on October 22, 2019. Retrieved October 22, 2019.
  61. ^ Ryan, Jack (1998). John Sayles, Filmmaker: A Critical Study of the Independent Writer-Director: with a Filmography and a Bibliography. McFarland. p. 6. ISBN 978-0786405299.
[edit]
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