In rheumatoid arthritis (RA) a hypoxic gradient develops in the synovium, which shapes inflammation and immune responses. In this Review, the authors provide insights into the role of hypoxia in the pathogenesis of RA, discuss its role in the wider integrated signalling network that drives inflammation and highlight how hypoxia can be targeted therapeutically to treat RA.

After treatment failure in psoriatic arthritis (PsA), choosing the next therapy involves more than simply cycling within a drug class or switching to another. Treatment sequencing is increasingly guided by dynamic, individualized strategies that account for a patient’s long-term care pathway.

This Review examines the latest findings related to the pathophysiology of lung involvement in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), describes the most common forms of RA-associated pulmonary disease and reviews current evidence on the screening, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of RA-related lung disease.

An osteoimmunomodulatory implant that enables finely tuned release of magnesium ions could offer a way to enhance osteoporotic bone repair.

PD-L2-mediated activation of PD-1 signalling in rheumatoid arthritis suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokine production and regulates pathogenic B cell responses.

In two phase III trials, secukinumab improved rates of sustained remission and reduced glucocorticoid use in polymyalgia rheumatica but did not improve outcomes in giant cell arteritis.

Lymph node architecture sequesters B cells away from effector cells, limiting antibody-mediated depletion and highlighting tissue remodelling as a strategy to improve therapeutic responses.

The results of a 48-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial suggest that the novel CD40 ligand inhibitor dapirolizumab pegol could have clinical benefits for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

New research implicates P2X7 receptor in synovial inflammation and suggests that it could be a promising therapeutic target in refractory rheumatoid arthritis.