In this Review, Wang and Dobreva discuss nuclear and chromatin organization and remodelling during cardiac development, disease and ageing, highlight emerging methods to investigate nuclear architecture, describe how mechanical and metabolic signals shape the cardiac 4D nucleome, and examine the therapeutic and translational implications for cardiovascular health and disease.

In this Roadmap from the World Heart Federation, cardiac rehabilitation is reframed as programmes to promote lifelong cardiovascular health. Redfern et al. identify roadblocks and propose multifaceted solutions, together with international case studies of successful implementation.

In this Review, Brown and colleagues collate contemporary epidemiological data on cardiovascular disease in the Indigenous populations of Aotearoa New Zealand, Australia, Canada and the USA. The authors explore the potential drivers of inequalities in cardiovascular outcomes between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations, as well as pathways for change in the pursuit of equity in cardiovascular health.

In this Review, Santovito and colleagues provide an overview of epigenetic regulation in atherosclerosis, focusing on how epigenetic modifications guide cell-specific transcriptional programmes in vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and immune cells to regulate cell plasticity and intercellular communication. They also discuss translational opportunities and the challenges of using epigenetic drugs to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.