Bone Augmentation in Periodontal Therapy
1. Introduction
Definition and purpose of bone augmentation in periodontal therapy.

2. Periodontal Bone Defects
Types of defects: horizontal bone loss, vertical/angular defects, furcation defects, and ridge deficiencies.

3. Treatment Objectives
Regeneration of lost periodontal support, defect fill, improved tooth stability, and preparation for future restorative or implant therapy.

4. Case Selection
Assessment of defect morphology, periodontal diagnosis, tooth prognosis, oral hygiene, systemic health, and patient compliance.

5. Materials Used
Autografts, allografts, xenografts, alloplasts, barrier membranes, biologics, and growth factors.

6. Surgical Principles
Flap design, debridement, root surface preparation, graft placement, membrane stabilization, and primary closure.

7. Regenerative Techniques
Guided tissue regeneration, bone grafting, combination therapy, and use of enamel matrix derivatives or platelet concentrates.

8. Postoperative Care
Plaque control, antimicrobial support, occlusal adjustment, maintenance visits, and radiographic monitoring.

9. Clinical Outcomes
Bone fill, attachment gain, probing depth reduction, tooth retention, and long-term periodontal stability.

10. Limitations and Complications
Membrane exposure, infection, incomplete regeneration, patient-related risk factors, and technical sensitivity.

11. Conclusion
Role of bone augmentation as a biologically driven, case-selective approach in modern periodontal therapy.