Resilience and Belonging

• Allen, C. (2005). From race to religion: The new face of discrimination. In T. Abbas (Ed.), Muslim Britain: Communities under pressure (pp. 245–253). London: Zed Books.

  Google Scholar 

• Atkinson, D. (2004). The What Works debate: Keeping a human perspective. Probation Journal, 51(3), 248–252.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Bakker, E. (2006). Jihadi terrorists in Europe, their characteristics and the circumstances in which they joined the jihad: An exploratory study. The Hague: Clingendael Institute.

  Google Scholar 

• Barrelle, K. (2015). Pro-integration: Disengagement from and life after extremism. Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression, 7(2), 129–142.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Bartlett, J., & Miller, C. (2012). The edge of violence: Towards telling the difference between violent and non-violent radicalization. Terrorism and Political Violence, 24(1), 1–21.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Bottoms, A., Shapland, J., Costello, A., Holmes, D., & Muir, G. (2004). Towards desistance: Theoretical underpinnings for an empirical study. The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 43(4), 368–389.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Bourbeau, P. (2015). Resilience and international politics: Premises, debates, agenda. International Studies Review, 17, 374–395.

  Google Scholar 

• Brockhoff, S., Krieger, T., & Meierrieks, D. (2015). Great expectations and hard times: The (nontrivial) impact of education on domestic terrorism. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 59(7), 1186–1215.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Cameron, D. (2015). Refugees and counter-terrorism: Prime Minister’s statement. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/syria-refugees-and-counter-terrorism-prime-ministers-statement.

• Cavanaugh, W. T. (2007). Does religion cause violence? Behind the common question lies a morass of unclear thinking. Harvard Divinity Bulletin, 35(2/3). Retrieved from http://bulletin.hds.harvard.edu/articles/springsummer2007/does-religion-cause-violence.

• Cinnirella, M., Lewis, C.A., Ansari, H., Loewenthal, K., Brooke-Rogers, M., & Amlot, R. (2010). Social identity and beliefs about martyrdom and terrorism amongst British Muslims. In C. A. Lewis, M.B. Rogers, R. Amlot, C.M. Loewenthal, M. Cinnirella, & H. Ansari (Eds.), Aspects of terrorism and martyrdom: Dying for good, dying for god (Vols. 1, 2, 3). Lampeter: The Edwin Mellen Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Conway, L. G., Gornick, L. J., Houck, S., Towgood, K. H., & Conway, K. R. (2011). The hidden implications of radical group rhetoric: Integrative complexity and terrorism. Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict, 4(2), 155–165.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Davies, L., Limbada, Z., McDonald, L.Z., Spalek, B., & Weeks, D. (2015). Formers and families: Transitional journeys in and out of violent extremisms in the UK. Connect: Justice in Conflict. Retrieved from http://www.connectjustice.org/admin/data/files/UK%20Formers%20%26%20Families%20Final.pdf.

• Farrall, S. (2002). Rethinking what works with offenders: Probation, social context and desistance from crime. Padstow: Willan.

  Google Scholar 

• Farrall, S. (2004). Social capital and offender reintegration: Making probation desistance focused. In S. Maruna & R. Immarigeon (Eds.), After crime and punishment: Pathways to offender reintegration (pp. 57–82). Collompton: Willan.

  Google Scholar 

• Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Fitzpatrick, C. (2011). What is the difference between ‘desistance’ and ‘resilience’? Exploring the relationship between two key concepts. Youth Justice, 11(3), 221–234.

  Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

• Haslam, S. A., Jetten, J., Postmes, T., & Haslam, C. (2009). Social identity, health and well‐being: An emerging agenda for applied psychology. Applied Psychology, 58(1), 1–23.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Hogg, M.A. (2011). Self-uncertainty, social identity, and the solace of extremism. In M. A. Hogg & D. L. Blaylock (Eds.), Extremism and the psychology of uncertainty (pp. 19–35). London: Wiley.

  Chapter  Google Scholar 

• Jetten, J., Haslam, S.A., & Haslam, C. (Eds.). (2012). The case for a social identity analysis of health and well-being. In The social cure: Identity, health and well-being (pp. 3–20). Padstow, Cornwall. Psychology Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Joseph, J. (2013). Resilience as embedded neoliberalism: A governmentality approach. Resilience, 1(1), 38–52.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Juergensmeyer, M. (2003). Terror in the mind of God: The global rise of religious violence. Los Angeles: University of California Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Kaplan, H. B. (1999). Toward an understanding of resilience: A critical review of definitions and models. In M. D. Glantz & J. L. Johnson (Eds.), Resilience and development: Positive life adaptations (pp. 17–83). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.

  Google Scholar 

• Koomen, W., & Van Der Pligt, J. (2016). The psychology of radicalization and terrorism. London: Routledge.

  Google Scholar 

• Krueger, A. B., & Malečková, J. (2003). Education, poverty and terrorism: Is there a causal connection? The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 17(4), 119–144.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• LeBel, T. P., Burnett, R., Maruna, S., & Bushway, S. (2008). The ‘chicken and egg’ of subjective and social factors in desistance from crime. European Journal of Criminology, 5(2), 131–159.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Liht, J., & Savage, S. (2013). Preventing violent extremism through value complexity: Being Muslim being British. Journal of Strategic Security, 6(4), 44–66.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Lipsey, M. W., & Landenberger, N. A. (2006). Cognitive-behavioral interventions. In B. C. Welsh & D. P. Farrington (Eds.), Preventing crime: What works for children, offenders, victims and places (pp. 57–71). London: Springer.

  Chapter  Google Scholar 

• Luthar, S. S., & Cicchetti, D. (2000). The construct of resilience: Implications for interventions and social policies. Developmental Psychopathology, 12(4), 857–885.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Maruna, S. (2001). Making good: How ex-convicts reform and rebuild their lives. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

  Book  Google Scholar 

• Maruna, S., & Farrall, S. (2004). Desistance from crime: A theoretical reformulation. Kölner Zeitschrift fur Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, 43, 171–194.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Matthews, R., & Pitts, J. (2000). Rehabilitation, recidivism and realism: Evaluation violence reduction programmes in prison. In V. Jupp, P. Davies and P. Francis (Eds.), Doing criminological research (pp. 128–141). London: Sage.

  Chapter  Google Scholar 

• May, C. (1999). Explaining reconviction following a community sentence: The role of social factors. Home Office Research Study 192. London: Home Office.

  Google Scholar 

• McDougall, C., Perry, A. E., Clarbour, J., Bowles, R., & Worthy, G. (2009). Evaluation of HM Prison Service Enhanced Thinking Skills Programme. Report on the outcomes from a randomised controlled trial. Ministry of Justice Research Series 3/09. Retrieved from http://www.justice.gov.uk/publications/docs/report-on-the-outcomes-from-a-randomised-controlled-trial1.pdf.

• McNeill, F., & Schinkel, M. (2016). Prisons and desistance. In Y. Jewkes, J. Bennett & B. Crewe (Eds.), Handbook on prisons (pp. 607–621). London: Routledge.

  Google Scholar 

• McNeill, F., & Whyte, B. (2007). Reducing reoffending: Social work and community justice in Scotland. Cullompton: Willan.

  Google Scholar 

• Meijer, R. (Ed.) (2009). Global Salafism: Islam’s new religious movement. London: Hurst & Co.

  Google Scholar 

• Moghadam, A., & Fishman, B. (Eds.). (2010). Self-inflicted wounds: Debates and divisions within Al-Qa’ida and its periphery. West Point: Combating Terrorism Center.

  Google Scholar 

• O’Connor, T. P., & Bogue, B. (2010). Collaborating with the community, trained volunteers and faith traditions: Building social capacity and making meaning to support desistance. In F. McNeill, P. Raynor, & C. Trotter (Eds.), Offender supervision: New directions in theory, research and practice (pp. 301–319). New York: Willan.

  Google Scholar 

• Oakes, P. J., Haslam, S. A., & Turner, J. C. (1994). Stereotyping and social reality. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.

  Google Scholar 

• Pantucci, R. (2015). We love death as you love life: Britain’s suburban terrorists. London: Hurst & Co.

  Google Scholar 

• Perry, A. W., McDougall, C., & Farrington, D. P. (2006). Reducing crime: The effectiveness of criminal justice interventions. Padstow: Wiley.

  Google Scholar 

• Quṭb, S. (1964). Milestones. New Delhi: International Islamic Publishers.

  Google Scholar 

• Rex, S., & Gelsthorpe, L. (2004). Using community service to encourage inclusive citizenship: Evidence from the CS pathfinder. In R. Burnett & C. Roberts (Eds.), What works in probation and youth justice (pp. 198–216). Padstow: Willan Publishing.

  Google Scholar 

• Richards, A. (2011). The problem with ‘radicalization’: The remit of ‘Prevent’ and the need to refocus on terrorism in the UK. International Affairs, 87(1), 143–152.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Roberts, C. (2004). Offending behaviour programmes: Emerging evidence and implications for practice. In R. Burnett & C. Roberts (Eds.), What works in probation and youth justice (pp. 134–158). Cullompton: Willan.

  Google Scholar 

• Ryan, L. (2013). ‘Islam does not change’: Young people narrating negotiations of religion and identity. Journal of Youth Studies, 17(4), 446–460.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Ryan, L. Kofman, E., & Banfi, L. (2009). Muslim youth in Barnet: Exploring identity, citizenship and belonging locally and in the wider context. Middlesex: Middlesex University and Barnet Council.

  Google Scholar 

• Shapland, J., & Bottoms, A. (2011). Reflections on social values, offending and desistance among young adult recidivists. Punishment & Society, 13(3), 256–282.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Silke, A. (2008). Holy warriors exploring the psychological processes of Jihadi radicalization. European Journal of Criminology, 5(1), 99–123.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Tadmor, C.T., & Tetlock, P.E. (2007). Integrative complexity. In R. F. Baumeister & K.D. Vohs (Eds.), Encyclopedia of social psychology (pp. 468–488). Thousand Oaks: Sage.

  Google Scholar 

• Tajfel, H. E. (1978). Differentiation between social groups: Studies in the social psychology of intergroup relations. London: Academic Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations, 33(47), 74.

  Google Scholar 

• Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behaviour. In S. Worchel & W. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7–24). Chicago: Nelson-Hall.

  Google Scholar 

• Travis, A. (2008, August 20). The making of an extremist. The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2008/aug/20/uksecurity.terrorism.

• UNESCO. (2015). UNESCO and United States promote education to prevent violent extremism. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/new/en/general-conference-38th/single-view/news/unesco_and_united_states_promote_education_to_prevent_violent_extremism/#.VuPv2ZOLRE5.

• Ungar, M., Liebenberg, L., Boothroyd, R., Kwong, W. M., Lee, T. Y., Leblanc, J., Duque, L., & Makhnach, A. (2008). The study of youth resilience across cultures: Lessons from a pilot study of measurement development. Research in Human Development, 5(3), 166–180.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Ward, R., & Maruna, S. (2007). Rehabilitation: Beyond the risk paradigm. Padstow: Routledge.

  Google Scholar 

Download references